Brazil, Brasil

Receita Federal tax service page. A tax resident is a person who lives in Brazil permanently; a person who entered on a permanent visa, from the day of arrival; a person who entered on a temporary visa for employment, from the day of arrival; a person who entered on any other temporary visa, from the day when 184 days of stay (consecutive or not) within 12 months are reached, or from the day of receiving a permanent visa or an employment contract, if that happens earlier. If 184 days are not reached within 12 months, a new 12-month period is counted from the next entry. A non-resident is a person who stayed on a temporary visa for up to 183 days within 12 months. For those leaving, there is a rule: without timely filing of the “notice of permanent departure”, a person remains a resident for the first 12 months of absence. SRF Instruction 208/2002 regulates how foreign income of Brazilian residents is taxed; we did not open the rates. Our conclusion from the rules, not a clarification from the tax authority for this visa: a person living on a nomad visa for a year who has spent 184 days in the country becomes a tax resident by the formal criterion, which is worth checking with a tax adviser before moving.

The minimum wage from 1 January 2026 is 1,621 reais a month (Decreto 12.797 of 23 December 2025). The IBGE average (3,738 reais in Q2 2026) is 2.3 times the minimum wage. In dollars at the end-of-September 2026 rate (5.19): about 312.

The PNAD Contínua survey of the statistics institute IBGE, Q2 2026, published on 14 August 2026: the average income that employed people aged 14 and over usually receive per month from all jobs is 3,738 reais. A quarter earlier it was 3,795, a year earlier 3,635. By region in Q2 2026: Northeast 2,645, South 4,238, Center-West 4,362. Caveats: the figure includes all working people, with a signed work card (carteira assinada) and without one, the self-employed and civil servants; it is an average, not a median; the income is "usual", that is, what a person receives in an ordinary month. The minimum wage from 1 January 2026 is 1,621 reais a month (Decreto 12.797 of 23 December 2025). The average is 2.3 times the minimum wage. In dollars at the end-of-September 2026 rate (5.19): the average is about 720, the minimum wage about 312.

Decree 7.271 of 25 August 2010 brought into force the agreement between Brazil and Russia (signed 26 November 2008). Citizens of both countries with a valid national passport may enter, stay and leave without a visa for no more than 90 days in every 180, counted from the first entry. Under paragraph 2 of article 1, a visa is required for those who intend to carry out paid or employment activity, missionary work, volunteering, study, an internship or research. The consular page of the Brazilian Foreign Ministry in Moscow confirms the same: Russians enter for tourist and business purposes without a visa for 90 days within 180. The same page says that for any stay of more than 90 days, on any visa, you must report to the Federal Police within 30 days of entry and complete the registration of a foreigner. We did not check the visa-free regime for citizens of other CIS countries: the consular page says separately only that Uzbeks need a visa and sends everyone else to the general table of visa regimes, QGRV, which we did not open.

CNIg Resolution 45 of 9 September 2021 (published in the official gazette on 24 January 2022). A “digital nomad” is a foreigner who works remotely for a foreign employer; work for a Brazilian employer is not covered by the resolution. The visa is issued by a consulate, with an initial term of up to one year and an extension for the same period. The consulate requires: a passport, health insurance valid in Brazil, the consular fee, an application form, proof of how you will enter (a ticket), a certificate of no criminal record, and documents confirming nomad status. Status is proved by three things: a statement that you are able to work remotely, a contract with a foreign employer or client, and income from a foreign payer of at least $1,500 a month or a bank account balance of at least $18,000. A person who is already in the country can apply for the same residence with the Ministry of Justice (article 4), attaching certificates of no criminal record for the last five years and the fee receipt. Other grounds for residence under article 30 of Law 13.445: scientific work and teaching, medical treatment, humanitarian protection, study, work, investment, family reunification, religious and volunteer activity. The text of the resolution says nothing about a nomad's family; spouses and children have the family reunification route, and interministerial order (portaria) 12/2018 expressly allows it with an immigrant who holds temporary residence (the family's term then matches the term of the main applicant).

Decree 9.199/2017, article 153, item III, and interministerial order (portaria) 12 of 14 June 2018, article 6, item IV: a foreigner who has a Brazilian child may obtain residence for family reunification. The legal basis is article 30, item I “i”, of Law 13.445/2017. A person who is already in Brazil applies at any Federal Police office (article 5 of the order); a family reunification visa can also be obtained abroad, it is valid for up to a year and requires registration with the police within 90 days of entry. Documents under article 7 of the order: a completed form, a passport or identity document, a birth or marriage certificate, certificates of no criminal record from the places of residence over the last five years plus a declaration that there are none, the child's birth certificate proving the relationship, a document of the Brazilian with whom the reunification takes place and his or her declaration that he or she lives in Brazil, and fee receipts. The Federal Police page names the fees: BRL 168.13 for processing and assessing the application and BRL 204.77 for the CRNM card; the review period is up to 180 days. Under article 4 of the law, fees can be waived with a declaration of lack of means. While the application is under review, the applicant may leave the country and return (article 4, item XV), and a person who has received residence may work, including for pay, on equal terms with Brazilians (article 153, item 10). A criminal record does not in itself close the family reunification route (article 30, paragraph 1, subitem III). What we did not find in the rules: for what term the Federal Police issues such residence to the parent of a Brazilian, temporary or indefinite; this must be clarified with the police before planning. We did not use sites that sell childbirth and relocation support services as a source.

Law 13.445/2017, articles 65–66. Ordinary naturalization requires legal capacity, at least four years of residence in the country, the ability to communicate in Portuguese given the applicant's circumstances, and no criminal record or a rehabilitated one. The law allows the period to be reduced to a minimum of one year; decree 9.199 spells it out: one year if the applicant has a Brazilian child or is married to or in a partnership with a Brazilian and has not separated, legally or in fact, by the time of the decision (article 235); two years if they have rendered or can render Brazil a significant service or are known for professional, scientific or artistic merit (article 236). Occasional trips abroad totalling up to 12 months over the whole period do not count against it (article 233). Extraordinary naturalization is available after 15 years of continuous residence without a criminal record (article 67). A child who settled in the country before the age of 10 may obtain provisional naturalization through a legal representative, and on reaching adulthood has two years to confirm it (article 70). Important for the calculation: under decree 9.199, article 221, the period counts only from the moment the immigrant began living in the country for an indefinite period, and the Ministry of Justice says the same on its naturalisation page; years on temporary residence (for example, the first two years based on work or a pension) are not part of these 4 years. We did not study the filing procedure or the requirements for the language exam.

Law 13.445/2017, article 4, item VIII: a migrant has access to public health, social assistance and social security services “in the manner established by law, without discrimination on grounds of nationality and migration status”. Item X of the same article guarantees the right to public education on the same terms. What this means in practice, that is, how the SUS card is issued and what the queues look like, we did not check. The digital nomad visa requires separate health insurance valid in Brazil (CNIg resolution 45, article 3, item II). Data on the health system of Rio itself is in the fact about the city's healthcare.